封闭曲线的建模和不确定性量化是形状分析领域的重要问题，并且可以对随后的统计任务产生重大影响。这些任务中的许多涉及封闭曲线的集合，这些曲线通常在多个层面上表现出结构相似性。以有效融合这种曲线间依赖性的方式对多个封闭曲线进行建模仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。在这项工作中，我们提出并研究了一个多数输出（又称多输出），多维高斯流程建模框架。我们说明了提出的方法学进步，并在几个曲线和形状相关的任务上证明了有意义的不确定性量化的实用性。这种基于模型的方法不仅解决了用内核构造对封闭曲线（及其形状）的推断问题，而且还为通常对功能对象的多层依赖性的非参数建模打开了门。

可视化非常大的矩阵涉及许多强大的问题。这些问题的各种流行的解决方案涉及采样，群集，投影或特征选择，以降低原始任务的大小和复杂性。这些方法的一个重要方面是如何在减少行和列以便在较低尺寸空间中保持高维空间中的点之间的相对距离。这方面很重要，因为基于错误的视觉推理的结论可能是有害的。在可视化的基础上判断与相似或类似的点相似或类似的点可以导致错误的结论。为了改善这种偏差并使非常大的数据集的可视化可行，我们介绍了两个新的算法，分别选择矩形矩阵的行和列的子集。这种选择旨在尽可能地保持相对距离。我们将矩阵素描与各种人工和真实数据集的更传统的替代品进行比较。

拓扑数据分析（TDA）提供了新的方法，使我们能够分析数据集的几何形状和拓扑结构。作为一个重要应用，TDA可用于数据可视化和尺寸减少。我们遵循圆形坐标表示的框架，这使我们能够使用持续的协调学上对Corus上的高维数据集进行维度降低和可视化。在本文中，我们提出了一种方法来调整圆形坐标框架，以考虑变换点和高维应用中圆形坐标的粗糙度。我们在传统的圆坐标算法中使用广义惩罚功能而不是$ l_ {2} $罚金。我们提供仿真实验和实际数据分析，支持我们的索赔，具有广义惩罚的圆形坐标将在保留拓扑结构的同时检测不同采样方案下的高维数据集的变化。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

In this paper, a semantic communication framework for image transmission is developed. In the investigated framework, a set of servers cooperatively transmit images to a set of users utilizing semantic communication techniques. To evaluate the performance of studied semantic communication system, a multimodal metric is proposed to measure the correlation between the extracted semantic information and the original image. To meet the ISS requirement of each user, each server must jointly determine the semantic information to be transmitted and the resource blocks (RBs) used for semantic information transmission. We formulate this problem as an optimization problem aiming to minimize each server's transmission latency while reaching the ISS requirement. To solve this problem, a value decomposition based entropy-maximized multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed, which enables servers to coordinate for training and execute RB allocation in a distributed manner to approach to a globally optimal performance with less training iterations. Compared to traditional multi-agent RL, the proposed RL improves the valuable action exploration of servers and the probability of finding a globally optimal RB allocation policy based on local observation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the transmission delay by up to 16.1% compared to traditional multi-agent RL.

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.

With the development of technology and sharing economy, Airbnb as a famous short-term rental platform, has become the first choice for many young people to select. The issue of Airbnb's pricing has always been a problem worth studying. While the previous studies achieve promising results, there are exists deficiencies to solve. Such as, (1) the feature attributes of rental are not rich enough; (2) the research on rental text information is not deep enough; (3) there are few studies on predicting the rental price combined with the point of interest(POI) around the house. To address the above challenges, we proposes a multi-source information embedding(MSIE) model to predict the rental price of Airbnb. Specifically, we first selects the statistical feature to embed the original rental data. Secondly, we generates the word feature vector and emotional score combination of three different text information to form the text feature embedding. Thirdly, we uses the points of interest(POI) around the rental house information generates a variety of spatial network graphs, and learns the embedding of the network to obtain the spatial feature embedding. Finally, this paper combines the three modules into multi source rental representations, and uses the constructed fully connected neural network to predict the price. The analysis of the experimental results shows the effectiveness of our proposed model.

Domain adaptive detection aims to improve the generalization of detectors on target domain. To reduce discrepancy in feature distributions between two domains, recent approaches achieve domain adaption through feature alignment in different granularities via adversarial learning. However, they neglect the relationship between multiple granularities and different features in alignment, degrading detection. Addressing this, we introduce a unified multi-granularity alignment (MGA)-based detection framework for domain-invariant feature learning. The key is to encode the dependencies across different granularities including pixel-, instance-, and category-levels simultaneously to align two domains. Specifically, based on pixel-level features, we first develop an omni-scale gated fusion (OSGF) module to aggregate discriminative representations of instances with scale-aware convolutions, leading to robust multi-scale detection. Besides, we introduce multi-granularity discriminators to identify where, either source or target domains, different granularities of samples come from. Note that, MGA not only leverages instance discriminability in different categories but also exploits category consistency between two domains for detection. Furthermore, we present an adaptive exponential moving average (AEMA) strategy that explores model assessments for model update to improve pseudo labels and alleviate local misalignment problem, boosting detection robustness. Extensive experiments on multiple domain adaption scenarios validate the superiority of MGA over other approaches on FCOS and Faster R-CNN detectors. Code will be released at https://github.com/tiankongzhang/MGA.

Although deep learning has made remarkable progress in processing various types of data such as images, text and speech, they are known to be susceptible to adversarial perturbations: perturbations specifically designed and added to the input to make the target model produce erroneous output. Most of the existing studies on generating adversarial perturbations attempt to perturb the entire input indiscriminately. In this paper, we propose ExploreADV, a general and flexible adversarial attack system that is capable of modeling regional and imperceptible attacks, allowing users to explore various kinds of adversarial examples as needed. We adapt and combine two existing boundary attack methods, DeepFool and Brendel\&Bethge Attack, and propose a mask-constrained adversarial attack system, which generates minimal adversarial perturbations under the pixel-level constraints, namely ``mask-constraints''. We study different ways of generating such mask-constraints considering the variance and importance of the input features, and show that our adversarial attack system offers users good flexibility to focus on sub-regions of inputs, explore imperceptible perturbations and understand the vulnerability of pixels/regions to adversarial attacks. We demonstrate our system to be effective based on extensive experiments and user study.

Depression is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the diagnosis of depression is nontrivial. Multimodal learning is a popular solution for automatic diagnosis of depression, and the existing works suffer two main drawbacks: 1) the high-order interactions between different modalities can not be well exploited; and 2) interpretability of the models are weak. To remedy these drawbacks, we propose a multimodal multi-order factor fusion (MMFF) method. Our method can well exploit the high-order interactions between different modalities by extracting and assembling modality factors under the guide of a shared latent proxy. We conduct extensive experiments on two recent and popular datasets, E-DAIC-WOZ and CMDC, and the results show that our method achieve significantly better performance compared with other existing approaches. Besides, by analyzing the process of factor assembly, our model can intuitively show the contribution of each factor. This helps us understand the fusion mechanism.